Common Language Functions
Definition: A "language function" is the purpose for which we use language. It's not just about grammar; it's about doing things with words.
Select a topic from the menu to practice typical functions used in daily and professional life.
1. Greetings & Introductions
We choose our greeting based on formality.
- Formal: "Good morning. How do you do?" (First meeting)
- Neutral: "Hello. Nice to meet you."
- Informal: "Hi! What's up?" or "How's it going?"
Q1: You are meeting a CEO for the first time. You say:
2. Making Requests
Use modals like Could and Would to be polite. "Can" is often too informal for business.
- Polite: "Could you please send me the file?"
- Formal: "Would you mind sending me the file?"
- Direct (Avoid in business): "Send me the file."
Q2: Which request is the most polite?
3. Making Suggestions
Use these phrases to offer ideas without being bossy.
- "Why don't we take a break?"
- "How about ordering pizza?" (+ verb-ing)
- "Let's finish this early."
Q3: Complete: "How about ______ to the cinema?"
4. Agreeing & Disagreeing
Disagreeing politely is a key skill. Avoid saying "You are wrong."
- Agreeing: "I couldn't agree more." / "Exactly."
- Disagreeing politely: "I see your point, but..." / "I'm afraid I disagree."
Q4: How do you politely disagree in a meeting?
5. Asking for Clarification
If you don't understand, use these phrases instead of just saying "What?"
- "Could you repeat that, please?"
- "What do you mean by...?"
- "Could you clarify that point?"
Q5: You didn't hear the speaker. You say:
6. Asking for Permission
Be careful with "Do you mind...". The answer "No" means "Yes, you can do it."
- Q: "Do you mind if I sit here?"
- A: "No, not at all." (Meaning: You can sit here).
- A: "Actually, I'm waiting for someone." (Refusal).
Q6: Someone asks "Do you mind if I open the window?" You want them to open it. You say:
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